Final Answer
Step-by-step Solution
Problem to solve:
Solving method
Applying the power of a power property
Factor the difference of squares $x^2-1$ as the product of two conjugated binomials
Rewrite the fraction $\frac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}$ in $2$ simpler fractions using partial fraction decomposition
Find the values for the unknown coefficients: $A, B$. The first step is to multiply both sides of the equation from the previous step by $\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)$
Multiplying polynomials
Simplifying
Expand the polynomial
Assigning values to $x$ we obtain the following system of equations
Proceed to solve the system of linear equations
Rewrite as a coefficient matrix
Reducing the original matrix to a identity matrix using Gaussian Elimination
The integral of $\frac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}$ in decomposed fraction equals
Expand the integral $\int\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x-1}\right)dx$
We can solve the integral $\int\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x+1}dx$ by applying integration by substitution method (also called U-Substitution). First, we must identify a section within the integral with a new variable (let's call it $u$), which when substituted makes the integral easier. We see that $x+1$ it's a good candidate for substitution. Let's define a variable $u$ and assign it to the choosen part
Differentiate both sides of the equation $u=x+1$
Find the derivative
The derivative of a sum of two functions is the sum of the derivatives of each function
The derivative of the constant function ($1$) is equal to zero
The derivative of the linear function is equal to $1$
Now, in order to rewrite $dx$ in terms of $du$, we need to find the derivative of $u$. We need to calculate $du$, we can do that by deriving the equation above
Substituting $u$ and $dx$ in the integral and simplify
The integral of the inverse of the lineal function is given by the following formula, $\displaystyle\int\frac{1}{x}dx=\ln(x)$
Replace $u$ with the value that we assigned to it in the beginning: $x+1$
The integral $\int\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{u}du$ results in: $\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(x+1\right)$
The integral of a constant by a function is equal to the constant multiplied by the integral of the function
Apply the formula: $\int\frac{n}{x+b}dx$$=n\ln\left(x+b\right)$, where $b=-1$ and $n=1$
The integral $\int\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x-1}dx$ results in: $\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(x-1\right)$
Gather the results of all integrals
As the integral that we are solving is an indefinite integral, when we finish integrating we must add the constant of integration $C$